Bloatware: Why computer makers fill your PC with junk, and how to get rid of it

Bloatware, crapware, shovelware: No matter what you call it, the junk that PC makers dump onto new PCs is nothing short of a mess. The situation was thrust into the spotlight last week when it was revealed that several Lenovo PCs were preloaded with “Superfish” adware that actively left users vulnerable to attack. The software compromised secure HTTPS web connections in a quest to inject ads on the sites you visit... and make Lenovo a few nickels.
There’s no doubt about it: Even though the root vulnerability came from Superfish, Lenovo messed up. Hard. This shouldn’t have happened, period. But Lenovo didn’t toss its users to the wolves out of malice—instead, the Superfish debacle is a natural extension of the entire bloatware epidemic.
Why do hardware vendors knowingly stuff new PCs with junk that makes your experience worse? And what can you do about it? Let’s dig in.

Dolla dolla bills y’all

Bloatware exists because we’re all cheap bastards, and rightfully so.

Sony sold off its Vaio PC line and exited the computing industry completely in early 2014.

Money’s tight, and even the cheapest PCs are a major, multi-hundred dollar investment. But good news! Prices are plummeting in the wake of dirt-cheap Chromebooks and Microsoft’s resulting counter-attack. The NPD group says that the average selling price of Windows computers fluctuated between just $415 and $430 in October 2014—10 percent lower than prices a year earlier, and a new low watermark for PCs.
While that sounds good on paper, deep down it’s actually troubling news for the PC industry. Mainstream personal computers are a cut-throat business; prices have been racing to the bottom for years now. PC vendors make little to no money on such slim margins, which is a core part of the reason HP is splitting off its PC division (again) , Dell took itself private, and Sony and Samsung have bowed out of the PC industry to varying degrees. There’s simply no real money to be made on dirt-cheap hardware.
Enter bloatware.

Superfish injected ads in action on the Apple website.

PC makers don’t really believe that short-lived antivirus trialware is the best security solution for you, or that adding browser toolbars will make your life easier, or that a “visual discovery tool” like Superfish truly adds to the user experience. The developers of bloatware pay hardware makers cold, hard cash to pump your PC full of this crap and get in front of your eyeballs. That extra revenue often makes all the difference for vendors between taking a bath on competitively priced PCs, or eking out a small profit. (There’s a reason pricier premium laptops often contain far less bloatware than budget PCs.)
It’s a nasty, symbiotic relationship for bloatware developers, PC makers, and everyday users. Bloatware effectively subsidizes PC prices. If it weren’t for all that crud, you’d pay more—perhaps much more—for your computer.

Beat it, bloatware

That doesn’t change the fact that bloatware sucks, however. (There’s a reason people also call it “crapware.”) Even ignoring Superfish’s security implications, the sea of junk consumes your PC’s precious hardware resources and can significantly slow down boot times, as this since-removed graphic advertising Microsoft’s Signature Edition PCs shows.

Microsoft Signature Edition PCs

Fortunately, you can have your cake and eat it, too. There are numerous methods for eradicating or outright avoiding bloatware on your PC.
The easiest way to deal with bloatware is to sidestep it completely. Microsoft—which obviously wants to present Windows in the best possible light—offers bloatware-free “Signature Edition” versions of many popular PCs, from the $200 HP Stream 13 to the jaw-dropping Dell XPS 13 and even more expensive models. Even better, Microsoft charges little or no premium for its clean computers; the biggest price gap we found between a Signature Edition PC and its crud-filled counterpart was $30. You can check out the full lineup here.
Microsoft puts its money where its mouth is, too: The company’s Surface laptop-like tablets are similarly bloatware-free.

Microsoft

Microsoft’s visualization of a Signature Edition PC, and a bloatware-filled cousin.

The Signature Edition lineup focuses on notebook and all-in-ones, however. If you want a proper bloatware-free desktop with a bit more firepower, you’ll need to build your own machine and install Windows yourself. Don’t worry! It’s not as difficult as you may think.
Alternatively, boutique system builders like Digital Storm, AVA Direct, and Origin can build you a custom rig with nary a whiff of shovelware installed. Their PCs tend to be a bit pricer and focused on gaming or business-ready workstations, however.

Cleaning up the mess

All’s not lost if you buy a standard bloatware-filled PC, however. Wiping run-of-the-mill crapware off your PC is fairly straightforward, assuming it doesn’t sneak in deeper, more dangerous hooks like Superfish did. (Lenovo’s Superfish appears to be a unique situation, however—at least for preloaded bloatware. PCWorld’s guide to Superfish removal can help you kill it with fire if you’ve recently purchased a new Lenovo PC.)
Deleting bloatware in the form of Windows Store apps couldn’t be easier: Just right-click on its Tile, then select Uninstall. Boom! Done. Likewise, sifting through the list of software in the Control Panel’s “Uninstall a Program” section (Control Panel > Programs > Uninstall a program) will let you see all and eliminate all the crapware that takes the form of traditional desktop software.

PC Decrapifier does exactly what the name says.

Automated tools like PC Decrapifier can speed up the process. Should I Remove It does the same, while also providing recommendations about whether to remove specific programs. For more in-depth instructions, check out PCWorld’s guide to blasting bloatware off your PC.
Remember to reactivate Windows Defender or install some security software if you remove trialware antivirus from your PC. You don’t want to head into the wilds of the Web unprotected.
If manual labor isn’t your thing, a clean installation of Windows can give you the proper like-new experience that Microsoft intended, though novice PC users probably shouldn’t muck around with reinstalling their operating system.
But wait! You don’t want to rely on Windows 8’s Refresh and Reset feature or your PC maker’s recovery images (if your PC maker even includes those). Sly system manufacturers have begun sneaking bloatware into their system images, meaning that if you reinstall Windows with the provided tools, you’ll also be reinstalling the preloaded crapware—pretty much the opposite of a fresh install, really.

Even though the installation media for Windows 8 is free, you’ll still need a valid product key to install it.

To perform a truly clean install you’ll need fresh Windows installation media and the product key for your PC’s Windows license. PCWorld’s guide to reinstalling Windows like a pro can walk you through the entire process, step-by-step. You may need to download some hardware drivers again when you’re done.
Phew! That was a lot of work, but now you should be staring at the pinnacle of computing: A new PC with a cleanly installed operating system. What now? It’s time to start filling it with more useful software, of course. We’ve got your back here, too. Check out our guides to the 22 free programs your new PC needs and 20 obscure, yet powerful free programs that ease your daily tasks for a slew of suggestions.
Just be sure to mind those options while you’re installing new software—you don’t want to leave a rogue checkbox filled in and stuff your fresh PC with all-new bloatware!